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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. H. BERRY & L. O. ORTON.

MACHINE FOR. MORTISING WOOD.

No. 453,539. Patented June 2,1891.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. H. BERRY & L. O. ORTON.

MACHINE FOR MORTISING WOOD.

No. 453,539 Patented June 2 1891.

lTE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LUCIEN H. BERRY AND LYMAN O. ORTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR MORTISING WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,539, dated June 2,1891.

Application filed April 16, 1890. Serial No. 848,241. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LUCIEN HENRY BERRY and LYMAN OSGOOD ORTON, of thecity and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for MortisingVood; and we hereby declare the following to be a clear and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to mortising wood, and to that class of machineswherein a retary implement removes a circular core and the corners orangles are cut away by a directacting tubular chisel or cutter, thechips being removed through the bore of the latter by the helical formof the central rotary implement or anger.

The invention consists in various improvements in the mechanism forsupporting and operating such mortising implements and for presentingthe wood to be acted upon, as hereinafter explained, described, andshown in the drawings, in which Figure l is a front elevation of one ofour improved mortising machines. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same with someof the details omitted.

Similar letters of reference on both figures indicate correspondingparts A is the main frame, on which are mounted all the various detailsof the machine.

13 is a compound saddle or carriage arranged to slide up and down on thestandard 0 by means of the hand-wheel E, which operates in any suitablemanner. A preferable way of operating the said saddle 13 is to providethe shafts of the hand-wheel E with a pinion that engages a rack on thesaid saddle, said pinion and rack being located behind the saddle out ofsight. This is an immatcrialfeature,however, and may be changed in anydesired manner, so that any suitable devices may be employed for thepurpose of elfectin g the vertical movement of the saddle B.

F is a second saddle or carriage sliding horizontally on B, supportingthe rotary spindle G, and also the fixed suitably-shaped chisel orcutter H, within which is the revolv' ing anger or implement H. (Shownby dotted lines, Fig. 1..) At the other end of the main frame A ismounted the timbensupporting carriage J, also a compound one having alongitudinal movement on the main frame A, and also a cross movement bymeans of the second carriage K, to which the timber L is fastened bymeans of the screw-clamp M. Behind the carriage J is a strong screw N,forming a firm abutment against the thrust of the chisel II. This screwis placed at such position in a horizontal plane as will conform mostnearly to an average position vertically of the spindle G and chisel H,so that the thrust of the saddle or carriage F may fall as nearly aspossible in the line of the screw N. This screw also serves to adjustthe carriage J forward or back as the dimensions of the timber L and thedepth of the mortises may require. This adjustment is performed by arevolving nut N in the standard 0, this nut being turned by means of thehand-wheel P, shaft Q, and spur-wheels R. The standards C and O areconnected by a strong tie-rod S, so that no deflection can take placefrom the strain of forcing the chisel H into the timber L. Thereciprocating movement of the earriage F and the chisel H and anger H isperformed by power, the actuating mechanism consisting of theclutch-pulleys T T, connected by worm-gearing at R with the verticalshaft U and the long tooth-pinion V, the latter being made long enoughso that a rack on the back of the saddle F will engage the pinion at allpositions as the saddle B is adj usted up or down on standard C. Thepulleys T and T are driven in opposite directions by means of suitablebelts applied thereto, which belts are not shown in the drawings, andsaid pulleys are adapted to be engaged by means of the clutches Y and Y,located alongside of said pulleys, said clutches being operated by meansof the horizontal rod 1), which is pivoted to a pivoted frame arrangedbetween the clutches, so thatone or the otherof them may be shifted asmay be required.

7 denotes a vertical hand-lever, which is connected directly to the rodZ) by means of a second short lever, the said lever V being used for thepurpose of imparting to the rod 1), and consequently to the clutches Yand Y, a certain movement in stopping and starting so as to produce-areciprocating movement forward or backward of the carriage F and thecutting devices. On the rod Z) are two collar-stops a a, which areadjustable upon the rod and are adapted to be fixed in position at anydesired point. Adjacent to the rod 12 is a sliding bar 0, which isprovided near one end with a series of teeth or notches, so that. itwill serve as a rack-bar, said teeth being engaged by a horizontalpinion d, secured on the vertical shaft U,which shaft, we have alreadyseen, carries the long toothed pinion V. The pinion d is larger indiameter than the pinion V. On the slide-bar c is a fixed lug e, whichis arranged to strike or come into contact with one or the other of thestopsa a, which, We have seen, are carried by the rod 1), said. contactof lug e with stop a taking place when the bar 0 slides. As the twopinions V and d are both on the same shaft, it will be evident that asthe shaft U revolves a coincident movement of the carriage F and therod 1) will take place; but since'the pinion d is larger in diameterthan the pinion V this movement of pinion (1 will be more rapid thanthat of the carriage F, thereby causing a sudden stop when thecutting-tools have reached the required depth in the wood L, or on theback-stroke when they are withdrawn.

The purpose of the lever XV is to start the clutches Y Y either way. Asthe bar cslides in consequence of the engagement of pinion d therewith,the lug 6 will move until it strikes one of the stops at, which willcause a movement of the rod 1) and aloosening orstopping of one of theclutches Y or Y. Then the lever W' will come into use because theoperator will grasp it in his hand, and by moving I it cause the rod 1)to be moved on in the same direction until the other clutch Y isengaged, and in consequence the movement of the slide 0 is reversed,sliding now in an opposite direction until the lug e, which is connectedthereto, strikes against the other collar a, thereby shifting the rod 1)and disengaging the other clutch Y. In other words, it will be evidentthat the lever W will engage both of the clutches Y and Y and that thebar 0 will operate to disengage both of them.

The main spindleG is driven by the pulley I, the belt coming from theback through the standard 0, passing first around the idle-pulleys C,which change the band from a vertical to a horizontal direction andmaintain uniform tension as the carriage B is moved up or down on thestandard 0. The idlepulleys C are supported in a swinging or pivotedframe having at its outerend a depending weight, asillustrated in thedrawings, and this construction serves to keep the tension of the beltuniform. The longitudinal adjustment of the timber L is performed by thelever X, the pinion Y, and a tooth-rack on the bottom of K. Thisadjustment can be regulated by lines or marks on the timber L, or, foruniform work, can be regulated by stops, as the nature of the work maydemand.

The saddle B is counterweighted by the flexible bands D D, passing overthe pulleys at the top and attached to weights sliding inside thestandard C. The vertical adj ustment of 'B and. the lateral position ofmortises in the timber L are determined by a system of stops Z on therods Z, engaging the pawl Z, as may be seen in the plan, Fig. 2. Thesestops Z are formed as collars, which are adjustable up or down on therods Z, (see Fig. 1,) and they are fastened at any desired point towhich they may be adjusted by means of suitable set-screws orscrew-threads, so that when the pawl Z is swung either to the right orthe left, as the case may be, it will lie in the path of movementvertically of the said stops Z and accordingly the upward or downwardmovement ofthe saddle will be governed, each of the rods Z answering forone position or lateral adjustment of the carriage B and the chisel Hand the width of the mortise or its position laterally in the timber L.These rods Z Z are fixed rigidly in the saddle B. Each of the rods ispreferably provided with two of the stops Z but it will be evident thatthe number of the rods Z, as well as of the stops Z may be changed tomeet the requirements of the work to be done and may be increased ordiminished accordingly, and also there may be several of the pawls Z ifthey are needed. The pawl Z is pivoted suitably upon the standard 0, sothat it may swing horizontally between the vertical rods Z Z, and thuslie in a position to be struck by the, stops on the one or the other ofthese rods, as the case may be. (See Fig. 1.) Suppose the pawl Z to beturned to the right, as shown in this figure. Then the stops Z on therighthand rod Z will strike the pawl Z on the upward and downwardmovements of the saddle B, and thus two positions will. be given for thechisel I-Ia position when the saddle is up and another when it is down.This, however, will not be enough for all uses. Therefore a second rod Zis used, having thereon the two other stops which I have alreadyreferred to. Therefore when the pawl Z is swung or turned the otherwaythat is, to the leftthen the stop-collars on the left rod Z will givetwo more positions for the chisel Ha position when the saddle B is up atthe upper position and another when it is down at the lower position,the two positions afforded by this arrangement of stops Z on the rightrod Z being different from those afforded by the other rod and itsstops, the several stops being all properly adjusted to permit of thesedifferent movements.

\Ve are aware that the system of mortising by means of a fixed androtary tool combined is not new, but has been applied in various ways.We do not therefore claim that as our invention; but

What we do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is'

1. In a wood-mortising machine, the combiment, the upright shaft U,having thereon a long toothed pinion V, engaging a rack on the carriageF, and a lower pinion (Z, larger in diameter than pinion V, said piniond engaging a toothed bar 0, having thereon a lug which operates inconjunction with stops on a sliding rod connected to a clutch mechanismfor the drive-pulleys, together with the means for adjusting thecarriage F up and down, said long pinion V being so arranged that itwill remain in mesh as the carriage B, which carries the carriage F, isadjusted up or down as the lateral position of the mortises may require,substantially as described.

2. In a wood-mortising machine, the combination of the carriage F, thecuttingimplement, vertically-movable saddle B, the rods Z Z, carried bysaid saddle, the adjustable stop Z located on said rod Z Z, and the pawlZ, said parts being arranged for determining the vertical adjustmentandregulating the position of mortises in the timber L, substantially asdescribed.

3. In a wood-mortising machine, the combination of the friction'clutchesY Y, the pulleys T and T, adjacent thereto, the stop-rods Z, carried bya vertically-movable saddle, the adjustable collars or stops Z" on saidrods, the pawl Z, operating in conjunction with said stops, the slidingrod 1), connected to the friction-clutches, chisel II, and anger II,with which the sliding bar has a movement coincident, the whole combinedand operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein setforth.

4. In a wood-mortisin g machine, the combination of the carriage F,horizontally movable and mounted on a vertically'movable carriage 13,its cutting devices, the shaft U, having the long toothed pinion V,engaging a rack on the carriage F, and a lower pinion (1, larger indiameter than the pinion V, the sliding rod I), having adjustablecollars a, a thereon, the sliding bar 0, having thereon a lug 6, adaptedto strike the aforesaid collars a a, said bar 0 being toothed forengaging the aforesaid pinion (Z, and the clutch mechanism connected tothe ends of the rod Z), substantially as described.

5. In a wood-mortising machine, the combination of the carriage F, thechisel ll, supported thereby, the pulleys T T, driven in oppositedirections by belts, the clutches Y Y, engaging the said pulleys T T andoperated by the rod 1), the vertical shaft U, having the long pinion V,engaging a rack on the carriage F, and the lower pinion (1, larger indiameter than pinion V, together with rod 1) and sliding bar 0, operatedby the pinion d.

6. In a wood-mortisin g machine, the combination of the frame A,standard 0, carriage B, vertically movable on said standard, carriage F,horizontally movable on carriage B, rotary spindle G, cutter II, andauger H, supported by carriage F, the timber-supporting carriage J', thescrew N for adjusting carriage .I, the standard 0, revolving nut N,hand-wheel I, shaft Q ,and spur-wheels Rfor accomplishing the adjustmentof the said carriage J, substantially as described.

7. In awood-mortising machine, the combination, with the standard 0, ofthe saddle B, counterweighted by the flexible bands D D, passing overpulleys at the top and attached to weights sliding inside the standardC, the stop'rods Z, fixed rigidly in the saddle B, the stops Zadjustable on said rods Z Z, the pivoted pawl Z between the saidstop-rods, and the cutting implement carried by the saddle, all arrangedsubstantially as described, so that the lateral position of the mortisesto be cut in the timber by the cutting implement may be regulated by thevertical adjustment of the saddle, substantially as specified.

8. In a wood-mortising machine, the combination of the main frame A, thestandard C, saddle l3, sliding up and down thereon, the second saddle F,sliding horizontally on the saddle B and supporting the rotary spindleG, and fixed chisel II, the vertical shaft U, carrying a long toothedpinion V, which engages a rack on the carriage F, and also carrying apinion (Z, larger in diameter than the pinion V, the driving pulleys Tand T, clutches Y and Y adjacent thereto, sliding rod Z), connected tosaid clutches for operating them and having 011 it adjustable collars aa, sliding bar 0, having a fixed lug e, adapted to come in contact withthe collar a, said bar 0 being toothed and engaged by a pinion (Z, andthe hand-lever XV, connected to the rod b and operative to shift thesame, substantially as described.

9. In a wood-mortisin g machine, the combination of the two standards Cand O, the tierod S, connecting the standards above the timber L andthus preventing deflecting strains on the frame from the thrust of thechisel, the 'ertically-sliding saddle B on the standard 0, thehorizontally-sliding saddle F on the saddle B, the rotary spindle G,carried by the carriage F, together with chisel II and anger II, thetimber-supporting carriage, screw N for adjusting said carriage, thevertical shaft U, having a long toothed pinion V thereon engaging a rackon the carriage F and having a pinion (Z, larger in diameter than pinionV, said pinion V engaging the toothed bar 0, which has thereon a fixedlug c, operating in connection with collars a a on the sliding rod 0,together with the clutches Y Y, to which the rod 1) is conneeted,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we hereunto aflix our signatures in the presence oftwo witnesses.

LUCIEN lI. BERRY. Ii. 0. ORTON.

-Witnesses:

HERBERT ll. KNIGHT, J. L. HUTCHINSON.

ITO

